Propagation of gravity waves and spread F in the low-latitude ionosphere over Tucumán, Argentina, by continuous Doppler sounding: first results

Results of systematic analysis of propagation directions and horizontal velocities of gravity waves (GWs) and spread F structures in low-latitude ionosphere (magnetic inclination ~27°) in Tucumán region, Argentina, are presented. Measurements were carried out by multipoint continuous Doppler system during 1 year from December 2012 to November 2013. It was found that meridian propagation of GWs dominated and that southward propagation prevailed in the local summer. Oblique spread structures observed in Doppler shift spectrograms and associated with spread F propagated roughly eastward at velocities from ~70 to ~180 m/s and were observed at night from ~ September to ~ March. The velocities were computed for 182 events and the azimuths for 64 events. Continuous Doppler sounding makes it possible to analyze more events compared to optical observations often used for propagation studies since the measurements do not depend on weather.Fil: Chum, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Miranda Bonomi, Fernando Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fišer, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Cabrera, M. A.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucuman; ArgentinaFil: Ezquer, Rodolfo Gerardo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucuman; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Ionosfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Burešová, D.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Laštovička, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Baše, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Hruška, F.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Molina, Maria Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ise, Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cangemi, José Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Šindelářová, T.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República Chec

Diversity and distribution of freshwater amphipod species in Switzerland (Crustacea: Amphipoda).

Amphipods are key organisms in many freshwater systems and contribute substantially to the diversity and functioning of macroinvertebrate communities. Furthermore, they are commonly used as bioindicators and for ecotoxicological tests. For many areas, however, diversity and distribution of amphipods is inadequately known, which limits their use in ecological and ecotoxicological studies and handicaps conservation initiatives. We studied the diversity and distribution of amphipods in Switzerland (Central Europe), covering four major drainage basins, an altitudinal gradient of>2,500 m, and various habitats (rivers, streams, lakes and groundwater). We provide the first provisional checklist and detailed information on the distribution and diversity of all amphipod species from Switzerland. In total, we found 29 amphipod species. This includes 16 native and 13 non-native species, one of the latter (Orchestia cavimana) reported here for the first time for Switzerland. The diversity is compared to neighboring countries. We specifically discuss species of the genus Niphargus, which are often receiving less attention. We also found evidence of an even higher level of hidden diversity, and the potential occurrence of further cryptic species. This diversity reflects the biogeographic past of Switzerland, and suggests that amphipods are ideally suited to address questions on endemism and adaptive radiations, post-glaciation re-colonization and invasion dynamics as well as biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in aquatic systems

Book Reviews

Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. 8. Auflage. Herausgegeben vom Gmelin-Institut in Clausthal-Zellerfeld. Hauptredakteur Erich Pietsch. Verlag Chemie, GMBH, Weinheim/Bergstrasse. [I. Filipović] F. Feigl: Spot Tests. Vol. I. Inorganic Applications. [L. Filipović] F. Feigl: Spot Tests. Vol. II. Organic Applications. [K. Balenović] E. de Barry Barnett: Stereochemistry. London, First Published 1950 (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.) [K. Balenović] R. J. McIlroy : The Plant Giycosides. London 1951. (Edward Arnold & Co.) [K. Balenović] J. Timmermans: Les Constantes Physiques des Composes Organiques Cristallises. Paris 1953. [K. Balenović] Roosevelt Griffiths: Thermostats and Temperature-Regulating Instruments. 3. izdanje, London 1951. (Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd.) [N. Škarica] Ivan Brihta : Kataliza u kemijskoj industriji, Zagreb 1953. (Tehnička knjiga). [W. A. Fišer

Book Reviews

Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. 8. Auflage. Herausgegeben vom Gmelin-Institut in Clausthal-Zellerfeld. Hauptredakteur Erich Pietsch. Verlag Chemie, GMBH, Weinheim/Bergstrasse. [I. Filipović] F. Feigl: Spot Tests. Vol. I. Inorganic Applications. [L. Filipović] F. Feigl: Spot Tests. Vol. II. Organic Applications. [K. Balenović] E. de Barry Barnett: Stereochemistry. London, First Published 1950 (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.) [K. Balenović] R. J. McIlroy : The Plant Giycosides. London 1951. (Edward Arnold & Co.) [K. Balenović] J. Timmermans: Les Constantes Physiques des Composes Organiques Cristallises. Paris 1953. [K. Balenović] Roosevelt Griffiths: Thermostats and Temperature-Regulating Instruments. 3. izdanje, London 1951. (Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd.) [N. Škarica] Ivan Brihta : Kataliza u kemijskoj industriji, Zagreb 1953. (Tehnička knjiga). [W. A. Fišer

Constructing a poor man’s wordnet in a resource-rich world

International audienceIn this paper we present a language-independent, fully modular and automatic approach to bootstrap a wordnet for a new language by recycling different types of already existing language resources, such as machine-readable dictionaries, parallel corpora, and Wikipedia. The approach, which we apply here to Slovene, takes into account monosemous and polysemous words, general and specialised vocabulary as well as simple and multi-word lexemes. The extracted words are then assigned one or several synset ids, based on a classifier that relies on several features including distributional similarity. Finally, we identify and remove highly dubious (literal, synset) pairs, based on simple distributional information extracted from a large corpus in an unsupervised way. Automatic, manual and task-based evaluations show that the resulting resource, the latest version of the Slovene wordnet, is already a valuable source of lexico-semantic information